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- May 1991
-
-
- POLICE PRACTICES:
- BAITED VEHICLE DETAIL
-
-
- Property crimes present a challenge to law enforcement
- simply because they are difficult to investigate. According to
- the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting publication, "Crime in the
- United States, 1989," they have a high incidence/low clearance
- rate. Released in August 1990, the 1989 larceny-theft total,
- estimated at 7.9 million offenses, accounted for 55 percent of
- the Crime Index total and 62 percent of the property crimes.
- Thefts of motor vehicle parts, accessories, and contents made up
- the largest portion of reported larcenies--38 percent.
-
- Law enforcement has had little success in curbing the rate
- of growth of this crime--only 18 percent of the property crimes
- were cleared. However, a technique currently being used by the
- Waycross, Georgia, Police Department may assist officers in
- curtailing this particular crime.
-
- This technique involves "baiting" a vehicle. Objects of
- value are placed in a vehicle that is left unattended. The
- objects placed inside of the car, such as weapons, are the
- actual targets of theft, not the vehicle itself. After baiting
- the vehicle, officers maintain a constant visual surveillance of
- the vehicle until a thief takes the "bait."
-
- PLANNING THE OPERATION
-
- Planning the operation was the first consideration. To
- begin, department officials identified a high-crime area within
- their jurisdiction, where there had been an established pattern
- of thefts with a specific modus operandi. Then, using data
- gathered by the Crime Analysis Unit, they determined what area
- should be targeted, whether to run the operation at night or
- during the day, the most likely hours of intrusion, and what
- objects were taken during the breaking and enterings.
-
- PERSONNEL
-
- The baited vehicle detail consists of no fewer than five
- officers. Three officers, wearing camouflage uniforms, are
- positioned on the ground within close proximity of the "baited"
- vehicle. One of the officers videotapes the incident, while the
- others remain ready to make the arrest. Two additional officers
- position themselves in vehicles located close to the target, in
- the event the suspect attempts to flee. Officers assigned to
- this detail should understand their individual and collective
- responsibilities, since there exists a strong possibility that
- the members of the team may have to justify their actions during
- legal proceedings.
-
- CHOOSING A SITE
-
- While the department considered several potential target
- areas, the detail concentrates on commercial areas, which seem
- to produce the best results. The sites chosen are conducive to
- surveillance and to making apprehensions and vehicle stops.
- However, when selecting a site, special emphasis is also placed
- on the safety of both the officers and the public.
-
- The other target areas considered for baited vehicles
- included shopping centers, interstate highways and major
- thoroughfares, and certain residential areas. However,
- experience revealed inherent problems in these areas.
-
- First, because shopping centers have people coming and
- going at all times, the perpetrators task is made more
- difficult. Second, interstate highways and busy thoroughfares
- may produce some arrests, but baited vehicles placed here are
- not the answer to the areas theft problem. Most people arrested
- under these circumstances are persons traveling from area to
- area, not those who contribute to the local theft problem.
- Third, the department chose not to target residential areas
- because they are usually high-density areas where there is a
- good chance that the thief will be discovered by neighbors, who
- may alert the police.
-
- THE OPERATION
-
- Prior to the start of each operation, a briefing is held
- for all members of the detail to ensure that there are no
- questions or problems to address. Watch commanders of target
- areas are notified that an operation will be in progress and are
- told how long the operation will last. For the most part, these
- details begin at 9:00 p.m. and end at 1:00 a.m.
-
- When the briefing ends, members of the detail drive a
- truck, which is borrowed from a local car dealership, onto the
- site and disable the truck, usually by removing a wheel and
- placing the truck on a block. Guns are placed in plain view in
- the truck, with the windows and doors secured. Then, the
- officers take their assigned positions. When a perpetrator
- takes the "bait," the officers on the ground move in to make the
- arrest.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- Although the baited vehicle technique is not a panacea to
- the problem of property crime, it is useful in combating thefts.
- In 1989, 62.5 percent of the baited vehicle details resulted in
- arrests, 100 percent of those arrested were adult offenders, and
- all of the cases have been successfully prosecuted. Considering
- the amount of time and manpower expended by most departments on
- the problem of property theft, the baited vehicle technique is,
- perhaps, worth trying. If conducted properly, it may render
- remarkable results.
-
-
- _______________
-
- Information for this column was submitted by Capt. Jimmy W.
- Mercer, Commander of the Criminal Investigations Section,
- Waycross, Georgia, Police Department.